施用沼肥对保护地蔬菜栽培土壤理化性质的影响

本文以等有机质含量的猪粪、沼渣为基肥，追肥（化肥与沼液）以等N、等P、等K进行施用，采用二裂式区组设计的方法，研究了沼肥、猪粪、化肥等不同施肥组合对保护地土壤pH值及土壤速效养分含量的影响。结果表明：番茄收获期，各处理土壤pH有下降的趋势，但没有酸化现象发生；施用沼渣在防止土壤pH值下降方面有较好的作用；施用沼渣、沼液在提高土壤有机质含量方面的效果分别优于施用猪粪、化肥，沼渣与沼液配合施用在提高土壤有机质及碱解N含量方面效果显著，猪粪与化肥配合施用有利于提高土壤速效P和速效K的含量。     

“上膜下秸”措施对温室土壤水热盐调控试验研究

为了明确温室生产中不同耕作措施的水热盐调控效果,采用温室小区试验方法,以翻耕(CK)、翻耕结合地表覆盖地膜(M)、翻耕结合秸秆深埋(J)为对照,研究了翻耕结合地表覆盖地膜结合秸秆深埋(J+M)措施对温室土壤水热盐动态变化的影响。结果表明,与M、J及CK处理相比,J+M处理全生育期平均土壤含水率可分别提高8.96%、5.45%、14.32%,土壤温度分别提高3.35%、5.21%及8.32%,土壤全盐量分别降低24.44%、19.65%、26.64%,这一结果可为宁夏温室种植实施地膜覆盖与秸秆深埋改良措施提供参考。     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

保护地蔬菜栽培不同灌水方法对表层土壤盐分含量的影响

通过 3年连续保护地栽培蔬菜小区试验 ,对滴灌、渗灌、沟灌 3种灌水方法的土壤盐分积累状况进行了比较研究。试验后 0～ 2 0 cm土层土壤全盐含量以沟灌最高 ,渗灌次之 ,滴灌最低 ;滴灌土壤 p H下降幅度明显低于渗灌和沟灌土壤。在 0～ 2 0 cm土层内全盐含量呈幂指数形式分布 ,即地表处含量最高 ,随深度增加逐渐下降 ;而土壤 p H则随深度增加而直线上升。另外 ,土壤中可溶性盐的阴离以 NO-3 为主 ,阳离子以 Ca2 + 为主。这说明选择合理灌水方法 ,是防止土壤退化、提高保护地作物产量和质量的有效途径。     

苹果糖度在线检测降低杂散光影响研究

基于光谱学原理设计了智能苹果糖度在线分级设备,研究了上置式检测器在线检测中的杂散光问题,通过光路图分析了富士苹果3种摆放方式对杂散光的影响,并提出了遮光降噪方案。利用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归分别建立了3种摆放方式的富士苹果可溶性固形物含量(SSC)在线预测模型。研究结果表明,对于上置式检测器而言,摆放方式和遮光处理尤为重要。其中果柄朝上遮光为最佳降噪措施,所建立的模型校正集均方差(RMSEC)为0.60,校正集相关系数(RC)为0.94,预测集均方差(RMSEP)为0.67,预测集相关系数(RP)为0.87,可以满足实际生产中的在线分级要求。     

管针式土壤含水率探头设计与影响因素分析

为了给基于频域反射法测量土壤质量含水率提供一种方法,设计了一种由圆管和探针组成的管针式土壤质量含水率测量探头。以杨凌地区的塿土为对象,分析了所设计探头间接测量土壤容重的误差;在信号源频率为50、100、150、300、500 MHz下,研究了土壤质量含水率(2.58%~21.43%)、土壤容重(0.80~1.30 g/cm3)和温度(10~50℃)对探针上的电压与信号源输出电压的比值(信号电压比)的影响;建立了信号电压比与土壤温度、容重和质量含水率之间的三元二次方程,分析了模型预测土壤含水率的可行性。结果表明:管针式探头间接测量土壤容重的绝对误差为-0.129~0.016 g/cm3;含水率、容重和温度均影响信号电压比,50、100、150 MHz下含水率对信号电压比影响较显著。在0.01的显著水平上,150 MHz下所建模型较优,其决定系数R2为0.849 6;对该模型的检验结果说明,计算的信号电压比与实际电压比的绝对误差为-0.166~0.159。基于该模型计算的土壤含水率与实际含水率的绝对误差为-3.440%~4.039%。     

2.25Cr-1Mo与铁铝合金高温抗氧化性能的对比研究

对2．25Cr-10钢与铁铝合金的高温抗氧化性能进行了对比研究。铁铝合金具有许多性能上的优点，尤其在其高温抗氧化性能方面。明显优于不锈钢、铬钼钢等传统的高温结构材料，并且随着温度的升高及铝含量的增加，其优势更加显著。     

智能粮食水分测试仪的研制

给出以AT89C52单片机为核心的粮食水分测试仪的硬件结构组成,并详细介绍了信号处理和测量方法;通过对传感器的标定并进行相应的数据处理。通过实验发现,该仪器使用方便,测量精度高。     

排水地段观测井与排水渠水质相关分析

根据田间实测的排水渠与观测井水质资料 ,分析了地下水中全盐量与其组分间的关系 ,以及排水渠与其邻近观测井地下水全盐量及主要离子含量之间的关系。为探讨观测井与排水渠水质间内在关系 ,研究观测井水质与排水渠水质相互转化关系 ,为简化水质监测工作提供指导。